Outline

Introduction

Interdependence of the Major Organs in Vertebrate Fuel Metabolism

> Fuel Inputs and Outputs (Figure 23.1, Table 23.1)

> Metabolic Division of Labor Among the Major Organs

> > Brain

> > Muscle

> > Heart

> > Adipose Tissue

> > Liver

> > Blood

Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism

> Actions of the Major Hormones (Table 23.2, Figure 23.2)

> > Insulin (Figure 23.2)

> > Glucagon (Figure 23.2, Figure 23.3)

> > Epinephrine

> Responses to Metabolic Stress: Starvation, Diabetes (Figure 23.4

> > Starvation (Diagram)

> > Diabetes (Figure 23.5)

Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Figure 23.6)

> An Outline of Hormone Action (Figure 12.13, Figure 13.18, Figure 21.34, Figure 23.7)

> Hierarchical Nature of Hormonal Control (Figure 23.8, Figure 23.9)

> Synthesis of Hormones: Peptide Hormone Precursors (Figure 5.15, Figure 23.10)

> Signal Transduction: Receptors

> > Experimental Study of Receptors

> > Agonists and Antagonists

> > Classes of Catecholamine Receptors (Table 23.3)

> > Receptors and Adenylate Cyclase as Distinct Components of Signal Transduction Systems (Figure 23.11)

> Signal Transduction: G Proteins

> > Actions of G Proteins

> > Structure of G Proteins (Figure 23.12)

> > Consequences of Blocking GTPase (Diagram 1, #2)

> > G Proteins in Vision (Diagram)

> > A Closer Look at G Protein Subunits (Table 23.4)

> Second Messenger Systems (Figure 23.14, Diagram 1, #2, Table 23.5)

> The Insulin Receptor and Related Receptors with Protein Kinase Activity (Figure 23.15)

> Steroid and Thyroid Hormones - Intracellular Receptors (Table 23.6, Figure 23.16, Figure 23.17, Figure 23.18)

Signal Transduction, Oncogenes, and Cancer

> Viral and Cellular Oncogenes (Figure 23.19, Table 23.7)

> Oncogenes in Human Tumors

> Oncogenes and Cell Signalling (Figure 23.23, Figure 23.24 Table 23.7)

Plant Hormones (Figure 23.25)