Outline

Introduction (Figure 1.1)

> Revolution in biological sciences

> Designing Molecules

> > 6-Mercaptopurine
> > 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT)
> > Isoproterenol

What is Biochemistry?

> Goals of Biochemistry

> > Describe structure, organization, function of cells in molecular terms.

> > > Structural Chemistry
> > > Metabolism
> > > Molecular Genetics

> Roots of Biochemistry (Figure 1.3)

> > > Wohler's synthesis of urea
> > > Buchners' fermentation of sugar from yeast extracts
> > > Sumner's crystallization of urease
> > > Flemming's discovery of chromosomes
> > > Mendel's characterization of genes
> > > Miescher's isolation of nucleic acids
> > > Watson and Crick's structure of DNA

> Biochemistry as a Discipline

Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

> > Amino acids
> > Sugars
> > Lipids
> > Nucleotides
> > Vitamins
> > Hormones

> Chemical Elements of Living Matter(Figure 1.4, Table 1.1)

> Biological Molecules

> > Monomers/Polymers (Figure 1.7)
> > Sugar/Polysaccharide
> > Nucleotide/Nucleic Acids
> > Amino acid/Polypeptides (Figure 1.6)

Biochemistry as a Biological Science

> Distinguishing Characteristics of Living Matter

> > Constant renewal of a highly ordered structure accompanied by an increase in complexity of that structure

> > Overcoming entropy requires energy

> > Life is self-replicating

> Unit of Biological Organization: The Cell (Figure 1.8, Figure 1.9)

> > Prokaryotes (Table 1.2)

> > > Eubacteria
> > > Archaebacteria

> > Eukaryotes (Compartmentalization of organelles) (Figure 1.11, Figure 1.13)

> Windows on Cellular Functions: The Viruses

New Tools in the Biological Revolution(Figure 1.15)

The Uses of Biochemistry

> Agriculture

> Medicine

> Nutrition

> Clinical Chemistry

> Pharmacology

> Toxicology