Category - Molecules

Query -What is (are) the following molecule(s) used for?

Reversal

Category - General

Query - For the following description, which molecule named in ó performs the function described?

(List that follows shows the terms on left and anwers on right. Questions should be randomized by programmer)

6-mercaptopurine | AZT | Isoproterenol | DNA | Nucleotide | Sugar (Saccharide) | Amino Acids | Antibodies

Treat leukemia | Figure 1.1 | Treat HIV/AIDS | Figure 1.1 | blocker | Figure 1.1 | Carrying genetic information | Figure 1.7 | Building block of nucleic acids | Figure 1.7 | Building block of polysaccharides | Figure 1.7 | Building block of polypeptides (proteins) | Figure 1.7 | Protection against infection |

Category - Definitions

Query - What does the following term refer to?

Reversal

Category - Term Recognition

Query - What term does the description below refer to?

(The two tables that follow shows terms on left and definitions on right. Programmer should randomize questions.)

Enzymes | Biological catalysts |  | in vitro | In a test tube |  | in vivo | In living matter |  | Polymer | Larger structure made from many monomer units |  | Monomer | Simplest unit of a polymer |  | Entropy | A measure of disorder |  | Prokaryotes | Unicellular, simple organisms - include eubacteria (true bacteria) and archaebacteria |  | Eukaryotes | Multicellular plants and animals, as well as unicellular and simple multicellular organisms, such as protozoa, fungi, and algae. | Figure 1.13 | Mitochonria | Energy producing organelle of eukaryotic cells | Figure 1.13 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Folded membrane organelle in eukaryotic cells involved in lipid metabolism. Is rich in ribosomes | Figure 1.13 | Golgi complex | Eukaryotic cellular organelle. Membrane-bound chambers that function in secretion and intracellular shuttling of new proteins | Figure 1.13 | Nucleus | Eukaryotic organelle that contains a cell's genetic information | Figure 1.13 | Chromosomes | Protein/DNA complexes that carry that genetic information in the DNA |  | Lysosomes | Digestive organelles in animal cells. | Figure 1.13 | Chloroplasts | Plant organelle responsible for photosynthesis | Figure 1.13

(note to programmers - though I oftentimes have split tables as I do here, the same category of question applies as if they were all in one table. Only if I start a new query and category does the question change)

Antibodies | A set of related proteins that are produced by the immune system and bind with specificity to molecules called antigens. |  | Archaebacteria | A group of prokaryotes that are biochemically distinct from the true bacteria (Eubacteria) and that separated from them early in the history of life. Modern forms of these organisms mostly live in extreme environments, such as acid hot springs. |  | Cell surface receptors | On the outer membrane of cells, there are special proteins that interact specifically with molecules. These proteins have many roles in communication, control, and identity for cells |  | Chloroplast | A specialized organelle in plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis. | Figure 1.13 | Chromosome | Composed of DNA and proteins . They carry the genetic information within the DNA. |  | DNA | An acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides and carries the genetic information. | Figure 1.7 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | A highly folded membranous compartment within the cytoplasm that is responsible for a great variety of cellular tasks, including the glycosylation and trafficking of proteins destined for secretion or for the cell membrane or some organelles. It also functions in lipid synthesis, and the enzymes of many pathways of intermediate metabolism are located on its surface. | Figure 1.13 | Entropy | A thermodynamic quantity that expresses the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. According to the second law of thermodynamics, this tends to increase in an open system unless energy is expended to keep the system orderly. |  | Eukaryotes | Class of organisms whose cells are compartmentalized by internal cellular membranes to produce a nucleus and organelles. | Figure 1.13 | Genes | The smallest units of heredity. |  | Golgi complex | A stack of flattened membranous vesicles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It serves as a routing center for proteins destined for secretion or for lysosomes or the cell membrane; it performs similar functions for membrane lipids, and it also modifies and finishes the oligosaccharide portions of glycoproteins. | Figure 1.13 | Hormones | A substance that is synthesized and secreted by specialized cells and carried via the circulation to target cells, where it elicits specific changes in the metabolic behavior of the cell by interacting with a specific receptor. |  | Metabolism | Living cells contain thousands of chemical reactions occurring simultaneously. This term' is used to refer to this collection of reactions in its entirety. |  | Mitochondria | The organelles whose chief task it is to supply the cell with ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. They contain the enzymes for pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, the, -oxidation of fatty acids, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the electron transport chain. | Figure 1.13 | Nucleotides | A molecule that, upon complete hydrolysis, yields at least 1 mole per mole of a purine or pyrimidine base, a sugar, and inorganic phosphate. | Figure 1.7 | Nucleus | The membrane-bound structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the chromosomal genetic material and associated components. It is also the place where RNA molecules are processed and ribosomes are assembled. | Figure 1.13 | Organelles - | A group of membrane-bound compartments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.Each kind of ***** carries out a specific set of functions. Examples are mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei. | Figure 1.13 | Prokaryotes | Primitive single-celled organisms that are not compartmentalized by internal cellular membranes; the eubacteria and archaebacteria. |  | Ribosomes | Large protein-RNA complexes that are responsible for synthesizing polypeptides under the direction of mRNA templates. | Figure 1.13 | Viruses | Infectious entities that contain the nucleic acid to code for their own structure but that lack the enzymatic machinery of a cell. They replicate by invading a cell and using its machinery to express the viral genome. |  | X-ray Diffraction | A technique that is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of molecules, including macromolecules. A crystal or fiber of the substance is illuminated with a beam of x-rays, and the repeating elements of the structure scatter the x-rays to form a diffraction pattern that gives information on the molecule's structure. |

Category - General

Query - What discovery is the person below credited with?

Reversal

Category - General

Query - Which person(s) is/are credited with the following discovery?

(List that follows shows person on left and discovery on right.)

Michael Smith | Kary Mullis | Friedrich Wohler | Eduard and Hans Buchner | Robert Hooke | Gregor Mendel | Walter Flemming | James Watson and Francis Crick | Theodor Schwann | Friedrich Miescher

Synthesis of short nucleic acid fragments/Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1993 | Invented Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Synthesized Urea apart from cells for the first time in 1828 | Fermentation from yeast extracts | First observation of cells | Concept of a gene | Discovered chromosomes | Discovered structure of DNA | Cell is basic unit of life | Discovered nucleic acids