Outline

Introduction (Figure 19.1)

Metabolism of Glycerophospholipids (Figure 19.2)

> Biosynthesis of Glycerophospholipids in Bacteria

> > Biosynthesis of Phosphatidic Acid and Polar Head Groups (Figure 19.3, Figure 19.4)

> > Control of Phospholipid Synthesis in Prokaryotes

> Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Eukaryotes (Figure 19.2)

> > Synthesis of Phosphatidic Acid ( Diagram)

> > Pathways to Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine (Figure 19.5, Diagram 1, #2, #3)

> > Redistribution of Phospholipid Fatty Acids: Lung Surfactant and Phospholipases (Figure 19.6, Figure 19.7)

> > Biosynthesis of Other Acylated Glycerophospholipids (Figure 19.8)

> > Posttranslational Protein Modification by Lipids (Figure 19.9)

> > Ether Phospholipids (Figure 19.11, Figure 19.12, Diagram)

> > Intracellular Transport of Membrane Phospholipids

Metabolism of Sphingolipids (Figure 19.13, Figure 19.14, Table 19.1, Figure 19.16)

Steroid Metabolism

> Some Structural Considerations (Figure 19.17)

> Biosynthesis of Cholesterol

> > Early Studies of Cholesterol Biosynthesis

> > Stage 1: Formation of Mevalonate (Figure 19.18)

> > Stage 2: Synthesis of Squalene from Mevalonate (Figure 19.19, Figure 19.20, Figure 19.21)

> > Stage 3: Cyclization of Squalene to Lanosterol and Its Conversion to Cholesterol (Figure 19.22)

> > Control of Cholesterol Biosynthesis)

> Bile Acids (Figure 19.23)

> Steroid Hormones (Figure 19.24, Diagram)

Other Isoprenoid Compounds

> Lipid-Soluble Vitamins

> > Vitamin A (Figure 19.25, Figure 19.26, Figure 19.27)

> > Vitamin D

> > Vitamin E

> > Vitamin K

> Other Terpenes (Figure 19.28)

Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes

> Some Historical Aspects

> Structure (Figure 19.29)

> Biosynthesis and Catabolism (Figure 19.30, Figure 19.31, Figure 19.32

Biological Actions