Polyamines

Figure 21.10 depicts the synthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Polyamines are polycationic substances that stabilize intracellular conformations of negatively charged nucleic acids. Polyamines bind to phosphates on both strands of a duplex nucleic acid, thereby stabilizing double-stranded DNA or a duplex region of RNA.

Some proteins covalently bond polyamines, with the nitrogens linked to glutamate--carboxyl groups.

Putrescine is a precursor to spermidine and spermidine yields spermine through the AdoMet-mediated transfer of active propylamino groups (Figure 21.10).

Polyamine biosynthesis is closely related to the proliferative state of the cell. When nucleic acid synthesis is activated, so is polyamine synthesis.

See also: Metabolism of Ornithine and Arginine, S-Adenosylmethionine and Biological Methylations, AdoMet