Outline

Introduction (Figure 5.19, Figure 5.20)

An Overview of Translation (Figure 4.20)

The Genetic Code

> How the Code was Deciphered (Figure 27.1, Figure 27.2)

> Features of the Code (Figure 27.3, Table 27.1, Figure 27.4, Table 27.2, Figure 22.4)

The Major Participants in Translation: mRNA, tRNA, and Ribosomes

> Structure of Prokaryotic mRNAs (Figure 27.5, Table 27.3)

> Transfer RNA Structure (Figure 27.6, Figure 27.7, Figure 4.20, Figure 27.9)

> Coupling of tRNAs to Amino Acids: Formation of Aminoacylated tRNAs (Figure 27.10, Figure 27.11)

> The Ribosome (Figure 27.13, Figure 27.15, Figure 27.16, Figure 27.18, Figure 27.19

Internal Structure of the Ribosome (Figure 27.25)

The Mechanisms of Translation (Table 27.4)

> Initiation (Figure 27.20, Figure 27.21)

> Elongation (Figure 27.22, Figure 27.23)

> Termination (Figure 27.26)

> Suppression of Mutations (Figure 27.27, Figure 27.31)

The Inhibition of Translation by Antibiotics (Figure 27.28)

Rates and Energetics of Translation

The Final Stages in Protein Synthesis: Folding and Covalent Modification

> Chain Folding

> Covalent Modification (Table 27.5, Figure 27.30)

The Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes (Figure 27.31, Figure 27.32, Figure 27.33)